ISO is how sensitive the image sensor is to the amount of light present. Basically the higher the ISO the more sensitive the image sensor is and therefore you can take pictures in low light situations.
ISO speed affects the shutter speed.
Suppose your digital camera's light meter warns you there is not enough light to correctly expose a scene. You could use the on-board flash, but let's suppose again it's not allowed (like in a concert or indoors recital).
You would then need to use a higher ISO. Set on "ISO Auto" mode, your digital camera will automatically select a higher ISO. Otherwise, you can manually select the next higher ISO and see if the increased sensitivity allows you to obtain a correctly exposed picture. If it does, you can now take a correctly exposed picture.
Exposure
Is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the photographic medium during the process of taking a photo. Exposure is measured in lux seconds. An appropriate exposure for a photograph is determined by the sensitivity of the medium used. Also when a photo is taken and it's under expoxed it will turn out to be a very dark image.
These pictures are example of exposure.
Under exposed image
This is long exposure
Shutter speed.
Shutter speed is a setting on you camera which controls the length of time the shutter is open, allowing light through the lens to the sensor inside your camera. Shutter speed can go from very small fractions of a second, to several seconds long on most cameras.
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